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CBSE · NCERT

Class 10 Maths – Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate Geometry uses algebra to solve geometry problems on the Cartesian plane. The three key formulas are: Distance Formula to find lengths between points, Section Formula to find points dividing a segment in a ratio, and Area of Triangle using vertex coordinates. If the area comes out to zero, the three points are collinear.

Exercises: 7.1–7.4·Total Questions: 33

Exercise 7.1 10 Questions – Distance Formula

Distance Formula: For points A(x₁, y₁) and B(x₂, y₂):
AB = √(x₂ âˆ' x₁)² + (y₂ âˆ' y₁)²
Q 1Basic Distance

Find the distance between the following pairs of points:

(i) A(2, 3) and B(4, 1)

Step 1: Let A(2, 3) be (x₁, y₁) and B(4, 1) be (x₂, y₂).

Step 2: x₂ âˆ' x₁ = 4 âˆ' 2 = 2

y₂ âˆ' y₁ = 1 âˆ' 3 = âˆ'2

Step 3: AB = √(2)² + (âˆ'2)²

AB = √4 + 4

AB = √8 = 2√2

Answer: AB = 2√2 ≈ 2.83 units

xy O 1 1 A(2,3) B(4,1) 2 units2 units

Distance AB forms hypotenuse of right triangle with legs 2 and 2

(ii) P(âˆ'5, 7) and Q(âˆ'1, 3)

Step 1: x₂ âˆ' x₁ = âˆ'1 âˆ' (âˆ'5) = âˆ'1 + 5 = 4

y₂ âˆ' y₁ = 3 âˆ' 7 = âˆ'4

Step 2: PQ = √(4)² + (âˆ'4)²

PQ = √16 + 16

PQ = √32 = √16 × 2 = 4√2

Answer: PQ = 4√2 ≈ 5.66 units

(iii) (a, b) and (âˆ'a, âˆ'b)

Step 1: x₂ âˆ' x₁ = âˆ'a âˆ' a = âˆ'2a

y₂ âˆ' y₁ = âˆ'b âˆ' b = âˆ'2b

Step 2: d = √(âˆ'2a)² + (âˆ'2b)²

d = √4a² + 4b²

d = √4(a² + b²)

d = 2 × √a² + b²

Answer: d = 2√(a² + b²)

Q 2Distance of Towns

Find the distance between the points (0, 0) and (36, 15). Can you now find the distance between two towns A(36, 15) and B(0, 0)?

Step 1: O(0, 0) is (x₁, y₁), P(36, 15) is (x₂, y₂).

Step 2: x₂ âˆ' x₁ = 36 âˆ' 0 = 36,   y₂ âˆ' y₁ = 15 âˆ' 0 = 15

Step 3: OP = √36² + 15²

OP = √1296 + 225

OP = √1521

Step 4: Now find √1521. Check: 39 × 39 = 1521.

So √1521 = 39

Answer: The distance is 39 units.

Town A is at (36, 15) and Town B at (0, 0). The distance between them is also 39 km (if 1 unit = 1 km).

Q 3Check Collinearity

Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (âˆ'2, âˆ'11) are collinear.

Method: Points A, B, C are collinear if and only if AB + BC = AC (i.e., one distance equals sum of the other two).

Step 1: Let A(1, 5), B(2, 3), C(âˆ'2, âˆ'11).

AB = √(2âˆ'1)² + (3âˆ'5)² = √1² + (âˆ'2)² = √1 + 4 = √5 ≈ 2.236

Step 2: BC = √(âˆ'2âˆ'2)² + (âˆ'11âˆ'3)² = √(âˆ'4)² + (âˆ'14)² = √16 + 196 = √212 ≈ 14.56

Step 3: AC = √(âˆ'2âˆ'1)² + (âˆ'11âˆ'5)² = √(âˆ'3)² + (âˆ'16)² = √9 + 256 = √265 ≈ 16.279

Step 4: AB + BC ≈ 2.236 + 14.56 = 16.796

AC ≈ 16.279

Since AB + BC ≠ AC, the points are NOT collinear.

Q 4Isosceles Triangle

Check whether (5, âˆ'2), (6, 4) and (7, âˆ'2) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.

Step 1: Let A(5, âˆ'2), B(6, 4), C(7, âˆ'2).

AB = √(6âˆ'5)² + (4âˆ'(âˆ'2))² = √1² + 6² = √1 + 36 = √37

Step 2: BC = √(7âˆ'6)² + (âˆ'2âˆ'4)² = √1² + (âˆ'6)² = √1 + 36 = √37

Step 3: AC = √(7âˆ'5)² + (âˆ'2âˆ'(âˆ'2))² = √2² + 0² = √4 = 2

Step 4: Since AB = BC = √37, two sides are equal.

Answer: Yes, it is an isosceles triangle.

xy O 1234567 0246 A(5,âˆ'2) B(6,4) C(7,âˆ'2) AB=√37 BC=√37

AB = BC = √37, AC = 2 – Isosceles Triangle

Q 5Seating Arrangement

In a classroom, 4 friends are seated at points A(3, 4), B(6, 7), C(9, 4) and D(6, 1). What type of quadrilateral does ABCD form?

Step 1: Find all four side lengths:

AB = √(6âˆ'3)² + (7âˆ'4)² = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2

BC = √(9âˆ'6)² + (4âˆ'7)² = √9 + 9 = 3√2

CD = √(6âˆ'9)² + (1âˆ'4)² = √9 + 9 = 3√2

DA = √(3âˆ'6)² + (4âˆ'1)² = √9 + 9 = 3√2

Step 2: All four sides are equal (= 3√2). It's at least a rhombus.

Step 3: Check diagonals: AC = √(9âˆ'3)² + (4âˆ'4)² = √36 + 0 = 6

BD = √(6âˆ'6)² + (1âˆ'7)² = √0 + 36 = 6

Diagonals AC = BD = 6. All sides equal + diagonals equal.

Answer: ABCD is a SQUARE.

xy O A(3,4) B(6,7) C(9,4) D(6,1)

All sides = 3√2, Diagonals = 6 – Square

Q 6Quadrilateral Type

Name the type of quadrilateral formed by points: (i) (âˆ'1, âˆ'2), (1, 0), (âˆ'1, 2), (âˆ'3, 0)

Step 1: Let A(âˆ'1,âˆ'2), B(1,0), C(âˆ'1,2), D(âˆ'3,0).

Step 2: All four sides:

AB = √(1+1)²+(0+2)²=√4+4=√8=2√2

BC = √(âˆ'1âˆ'1)²+(2âˆ'0)²=√4+4=2√2

CD = √(âˆ'3+1)²+(0âˆ'2)²=√4+4=2√2

DA = √(âˆ'1+3)²+(âˆ'2âˆ'0)²=√4+4=2√2

Step 3: All sides equal. Diagonals: AC = √0+16=4, BD = √16+0=4.

Answer: SQUARE (all sides equal, diagonals equal).

Q 7Point on x-axis

Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from (2, âˆ'5) and (âˆ'2, 9).

Step 1: Any point on x-axis has y-coordinate = 0. Let P(h, 0) be the required point.

Step 2: P is equidistant from A(2,âˆ'5) and B(âˆ'2,9). So PA² = PB².

(hâˆ'2)² + (0âˆ'(âˆ'5))² = (hâˆ'(âˆ'2))² + (0âˆ'9)²

(hâˆ'2)² + 25 = (h+2)² + 81

Step 3: Expand: h² âˆ' 4h + 4 + 25 = h² + 4h + 4 + 81

Cancel h² and 4: âˆ'4h + 25 = 4h + 81

âˆ'4h âˆ' 4h = 81 âˆ' 25

âˆ'8h = 56

h = âˆ'7

Answer: The point is (âˆ'7, 0).

Verify: PA = √(âˆ'9)² + 5² = √81+25 = √106. PB = √5² + (âˆ'9)² = √25+81=√106 âœ"

Q 8Find y from Distance

Find the values of y for which the distance between the points P(2, âˆ'3) and Q(10, y) is 10 units.

Step 1: Given PQ = 10. Using distance formula:

(10âˆ'2)² + (yâˆ'(âˆ'3))² = 10

8² + (y+3)² = 10

Step 2: Square both sides: 64 + (y+3)² = 100

(y+3)² = 100 âˆ' 64 = 36

Step 3: y + 3 = ±6

Either y + 3 = 6 â‡' y = 3

Or y + 3 = âˆ'6 â‡' y = âˆ'9

Answer: y = 3 or y = âˆ'9.

Q 9Equidistant

If Q(0, 1) is equidistant from P(5, âˆ'3) and R(x, 6), find the values of x.

Step 1: Q is equidistant from P and R â‡' QP = QR â‡' QP² = QR².

QP² = (5âˆ'0)² + (âˆ'3âˆ'1)² = 25 + 16 = 41

Step 2: QR² = (xâˆ'0)² + (6âˆ'1)² = x² + 25

Step 3: x² + 25 = 41 â‡' x² = 16 â‡' x = ±4

Answer: x = 4 or x = âˆ'4.

Q 10Relation between x and y

Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from (3, 6) and (âˆ'3, 4).

Step 1: Let P(x, y) be equidistant from A(3, 6) and B(âˆ'3, 4).

PA² = PB²

(xâˆ'3)² + (yâˆ'6)² = (x+3)² + (yâˆ'4)²

Step 2: Expand both sides:

(x² âˆ' 6x + 9) + (y² âˆ' 12y + 36) = (x² + 6x + 9) + (y² âˆ' 8y + 16)

Step 3: Cancel x², y², and 9 from both sides:

âˆ'6x âˆ' 12y + 36 = 6x âˆ' 8y + 16

Step 4: Bring all terms to left: âˆ'6x âˆ' 12y + 36 âˆ' 6x + 8y âˆ' 16 = 0

âˆ'12x âˆ' 4y + 20 = 0

Divide throughout by âˆ'4: 3x + y = 5

Answer: The relation is 3x + y = 5 (a straight line – the perpendicular bisector of AB).

Exercise 7.2 10 Questions – Section Formula

Section Formula (Internal Division): If P divides AB in ratio m:n, then:
x = (mx₂ + nx₁)/(m + n),   y = (my₂ + ny₁)/(m + n)
Midpoint Formula (m:n = 1:1): x = (x₁ + x₂)/2,   y = (y₁ + y₂)/2
Q 1Section Formula

Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of (âˆ'1, 7) and (4, âˆ'3) in the ratio 2 : 3.

Step 1: Let A(âˆ'1, 7) = (x₁, y₁) and B(4, âˆ'3) = (x₂, y₂). Ratio m:n = 2:3.

Step 2 – x-coordinate: x = (mx₂ + nx₁)/(m + n)

x = (2×4 + 3×(âˆ'1))/(2+3) = (8 âˆ' 3)/5 = 5/5 = 1

Step 3 – y-coordinate: y = (my₂ + ny₁)/(m + n)

y = (2×(âˆ'3) + 3×7)/5 = (âˆ'6 + 21)/5 = 15/5 = 3

Answer: The point is (1, 3).

xy O A(âˆ'1,7) B(4,âˆ'3) P(1,3) 2 3

P divides AB in ratio 2:3 (2 parts from A to P, 3 parts from P to B)

Q 2Trisection

Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining (4, âˆ'1) and (âˆ'2, âˆ'3).

Step 1: Trisection means dividing into three equal parts. The two dividing points divide AB in ratios 1:2 and 2:1 from A.

Step 2 – First point P (ratio 1:2 from A):

m=1, n=2. A(4,âˆ'1)=(x₁,y₁), B(âˆ'2,âˆ'3)=(x₂,y₂).

x = (1×(âˆ'2) + 2×4)/(1+2) = (âˆ'2+8)/3 = 6/3 = 2

y = (1×(âˆ'3) + 2×(âˆ'1))/3 = (âˆ'3âˆ'2)/3 = âˆ'5/3

So P = (2, âˆ'5/3)

Step 3 – Second point Q (ratio 2:1 from A):

m=2, n=1.

x = (2×(âˆ'2) + 1×4)/3 = (âˆ'4+4)/3 = 0

y = (2×(âˆ'3) + 1×(âˆ'1))/3 = (âˆ'6âˆ'1)/3 = âˆ'7/3

So Q = (0, âˆ'7/3)

Answer: The trisection points are (2, âˆ'5/3) and (0, âˆ'7/3).

Q 3Sports Day

To conduct Sports Day activities in your rectangular school ground ABCD, Niharika runs 1/4 the distance AD on the 2nd line and posts a green flag. Preet runs 1/5 the distance AD on the 8th line and posts a red flag. What is the distance between both flags?

Step 1: With A as origin (0,0), AD is along x-axis (length 10), AB along y-axis. Lines are numbered from AB side.

Niharika: 2nd line â‡' x=2, y=(1/4)×AD = 2.5. Green flag at G(2, 2.5).

Preet: 8th line â‡' x=8, y=(1/5)×10 = 2. Red flag at R(8, 2).

Step 2: Distance GR = √(8âˆ'2)² + (2âˆ'2.5)² = √36 + 0.25 = √36.25 ≈ 6.02 m

Q 4Find Ratio

Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points (âˆ'3, 10) and (6, âˆ'8) is divided by (âˆ'1, 6).

Step 1: Let P(âˆ'1, 6) divide AB in ratio k:1. A(âˆ'3,10), B(6,âˆ'8).

Step 2: Using section formula for x:

âˆ'1 = (k×6 + 1×(âˆ'3))/(k+1)

âˆ'1(k+1) = 6k âˆ' 3

âˆ'k âˆ' 1 = 6k âˆ' 3

âˆ'7k = âˆ'2 â‡' k = 2/7

Step 3: Ratio is 2:7.

Verify y-coordinate: y = (2×(âˆ'8) + 7×10)/(9) = (âˆ'16+70)/9 = 54/9 = 6 âœ"

Answer: P divides AB in the ratio 2 : 7.

Q 5x-axis Division

Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A(1, âˆ'5) and B(âˆ'4, 5) is divided by the x-axis. Also find the coordinates of the point of division.

Step 1: Any point on x-axis has y = 0. Let P(h, 0) divide AB in ratio k:1.

Step 2: Using y-coordinate: 0 = (k×5 + 1×(âˆ'5))/(k+1)

0 = (5k âˆ' 5)/(k+1)

5k âˆ' 5 = 0 â‡' 5k = 5 â‡' k = 1

So P divides AB in ratio 1 : 1 (midpoint).

Step 3: For k = 1: x = (1×(âˆ'4) + 1×1)/(1+1) = (âˆ'4+1)/2 = âˆ'3/2 = âˆ'1.5

Answer: Ratio 1:1, point of division is (âˆ'3/2, 0).

Q 6Parallelogram

If (1, 2), (4, y), (x, 6) and (3, 5) are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order, find x and y.

Step 1: In a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each other. Midpoints of both diagonals are equal.

Let vertices be A(1,2), B(4,y), C(x,6), D(3,5). Diagonals: AC and BD.

Step 2: Midpoint of AC = Midpoint of BD

((1+x)/2, (2+6)/2) = ((4+3)/2, (y+5)/2)

Step 3: From x-coordinate: (1+x)/2 = 7/2 â‡' 1+x = 7 â‡' x = 6

From y-coordinate: (2+6)/2 = (y+5)/2 â‡' 4 = (y+5)/2 â‡' 8 = y+5 â‡' y = 3

Answer: x = 6, y = 3.

Q 7Circle Diameter

Find the coordinates of point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle whose centre is (2, âˆ'3) and B is (1, 4).

Step 1: Centre O(2,âˆ'3) is the midpoint of diameter AB. Given B(1,4), find A(x,y).

Step 2: Midpoint of AB = ((x+1)/2, (y+4)/2) = (2, âˆ'3)

(x+1)/2 = 2 â‡' x+1 = 4 â‡' x = 3

(y+4)/2 = âˆ'3 â‡' y+4 = âˆ'6 â‡' y = âˆ'10

Answer: A = (3, âˆ'10).

Q 8AP = 3/7 AB

If A and B are (âˆ'2, âˆ'2) and (2, âˆ'4) respectively, find the coordinates of P such that AP = (3/7)AB and P lies on AB.

Step 1: AP = (3/7)AB means AP : PB = 3 : 4 (since AP = 3 parts, PB = 7âˆ'3 = 4 parts).

So P divides AB in ratio 3 : 4 from A.

Step 2: m=3, n=4. A(âˆ'2,âˆ'2), B(2,âˆ'4).

x = (3×2 + 4×(âˆ'2))/(3+4) = (6âˆ'8)/7 = âˆ'2/7

y = (3×(âˆ'4) + 4×(âˆ'2))/7 = (âˆ'12âˆ'8)/7 = âˆ'20/7

Answer: P = (âˆ'2/7, âˆ'20/7).

Q 9Four Equal Parts

Find the coordinates of points dividing A(âˆ'2, 2) and B(2, 8) into four equal parts.

Step 1: Three points divide AB into 4 equal parts, at ratios 1:3, 1:1 (midpoint), and 3:1.

P (1:3): x=(1×2+3×(âˆ'2))/4=(2âˆ'6)/4=âˆ'1, y=(1×8+3×2)/4=(8+6)/4=3.5. P = (âˆ'1, 7/2)

Q (midpoint): x=(âˆ'2+2)/2=0, y=(2+8)/2=5. Q = (0, 5)

R (3:1): x=(3×2+1×(âˆ'2))/4=(6âˆ'2)/4=1, y=(3×8+1×2)/4=(24+2)/4=6.5. R = (1, 13/2)

Answer: (âˆ'1, 3.5), (0, 5), (1, 6.5).

Q 10Rhombus Area

Find the area of a rhombus if its vertices are (3, 0), (4, 5), (âˆ'1, 4) and (âˆ'2, âˆ'1) taken in order.

Step 1: Let A(3,0), B(4,5), C(âˆ'1,4), D(âˆ'2,âˆ'1). Diagonals are AC and BD.

Step 2: Length of AC = √(âˆ'1âˆ'3)² + (4âˆ'0)² = √(âˆ'4)² + 4² = √16+16 = √32 = 4√2

Step 3: Length of BD = √(âˆ'2âˆ'4)² + (âˆ'1âˆ'5)² = √(âˆ'6)² + (âˆ'6)² = √36+36 = √72 = 6√2

Step 4: Area of rhombus = (1/2) × d₁ × d₂ = (1/2) × 4√2 × 6√2

= (1/2) × 24 × 2 = 24 sq units

Answer: 24 square units.

Exercise 7.3 5 Questions – Area of Triangle

Area of Triangle Formula: For vertices (x₁,y₁), (x₂,y₂), (x₃,y₃):
Area = ½ | x₁(y₂ âˆ' y₃) + x₂(y₃ âˆ' y₁) + x₃(y₁ âˆ' y₂) |
If Area = 0, the points are collinear.
Q 1Find Area

Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are:

(i) (2, 3), (âˆ'1, 0), (2, âˆ'4)

Step 1: (x₁,y₁) = (2,3), (x₂,y₂) = (âˆ'1,0), (x₃,y₃) = (2,âˆ'4).

Step 2: Compute each term:

x₁(y₂ âˆ' y₃) = 2(0 âˆ' (âˆ'4)) = 2(4) = 8

x₂(y₃ âˆ' y₁) = âˆ'1(âˆ'4 âˆ' 3) = âˆ'1(âˆ'7) = 7

x₃(y₁ âˆ' y₂) = 2(3 âˆ' 0) = 2(3) = 6

Step 3: Area = ½ | 8 + 7 + 6 | = ½ × 21 = 10.5 sq units

(ii) (âˆ'5, âˆ'1), (3, âˆ'5), (5, 2)

Step 1: (x₁,y₁) = (âˆ'5,âˆ'1), (x₂,y₂) = (3,âˆ'5), (x₃,y₃) = (5,2).

Step 2: x₁(y₂âˆ'y₃) = âˆ'5(âˆ'5âˆ'2) = âˆ'5(âˆ'7) = 35

x₂(y₃âˆ'y₁) = 3(2âˆ'(âˆ'1)) = 3(3) = 9

x₃(y₁âˆ'y₂) = 5(âˆ'1âˆ'(âˆ'5)) = 5(4) = 20

Step 3: Area = ½ | 35 + 9 + 20 | = ½ × 64 = 32 sq units

Q 2Find k for Collinearity

Find the value of 'k' for which the points are collinear: (i) (7, âˆ'2), (5, 1), (3, k)   (ii) (8, 1), (k, âˆ'4), (2, âˆ'5)

(i) (7, âˆ'2), (5, 1), (3, k)

Step 1: Collinear â‡' Area = 0.

0 = ½ | 7(1âˆ'k) + 5(kâˆ'(âˆ'2)) + 3(âˆ'2âˆ'1) |

0 = ½ | 7 âˆ' 7k + 5k + 10 + 3(âˆ'3) |

0 = ½ | 7 âˆ' 7k + 5k + 10 âˆ' 9 |

0 = ½ | 8 âˆ' 2k |

0 = 8 âˆ' 2k â‡' k = 4

(ii) (8, 1), (k, âˆ'4), (2, âˆ'5)

½ | 8(âˆ'4+5) + k(âˆ'5âˆ'1) + 2(1+4) | = 0

| 8(1) + k(âˆ'6) + 2(5) | = 0

| 8 âˆ' 6k + 10 | = 0

18 âˆ' 6k = 0 â‡' k = 3

Q 3Midpoint Triangle

Find the area of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of the triangle whose vertices are (0, âˆ'1), (2, 1) and (0, 3). Find the ratio of this area to the area of the given triangle.

Step 1: A(0,âˆ'1), B(2,1), C(0,3).

Midpoints: D(mid of BC) = ((2+0)/2, (1+3)/2) = (1, 2)

E(mid of AC) = ((0+0)/2, (âˆ'1+3)/2) = (0, 1)

F(mid of AB) = ((0+2)/2, (âˆ'1+1)/2) = (1, 0)

Step 2: Area of midpoint triangle DEF:

= ½ | 1(1âˆ'0) + 0(0âˆ'2) + 1(2âˆ'1) |

= ½ | 1 + 0 + 1 | = 1 sq unit

Step 3: Area of original triangle ABC:

= ½ | 0(1âˆ'3) + 2(3âˆ'(âˆ'1)) + 0(âˆ'1âˆ'1) |

= ½ | 0 + 2(4) + 0 | = ½ × 8 = 4 sq units

Step 4: Ratio = 1 : 4 = 1 : 4.

A triangle formed by joining midpoints always has 1/4 the area of the original.

Q 4Quadrilateral Area

Find the area of the quadrilateral whose vertices, taken in order, are (âˆ'4, âˆ'2), (âˆ'3, âˆ'5), (3, âˆ'2) and (2, 3).

Step 1: Divide into two triangles by diagonal AC. Let A(âˆ'4,âˆ'2), B(âˆ'3,âˆ'5), C(3,âˆ'2), D(2,3).

Step 2: Area of Î"ABC:

= ½ | âˆ'4(âˆ'5+2) + (âˆ'3)(âˆ'2+2) + 3(âˆ'2+5) |

= ½ | âˆ'4(âˆ'3) âˆ' 3(0) + 3(3) | = ½ × 21 = 10.5

Step 3: Area of Î"ADC: A(âˆ'4,âˆ'2), D(2,3), C(3,âˆ'2).

= ½ | âˆ'4(3+2) + 2(âˆ'2+2) + 3(âˆ'2âˆ'3) |

= ½ | âˆ'4(5) + 0 + 3(âˆ'5) | = ½ × 35 = 17.5

Step 4: Total area = 10.5 + 17.5 = 28 sq units

Q 5Median Verification

Verify that a median of a triangle divides it into two triangles of equal areas for Î"ABC with A(4, âˆ'6), B(3, âˆ'2), C(5, 2).

Step 1: Midpoint D of BC = ((3+5)/2, (âˆ'2+2)/2) = (4, 0). AD is the median.

Step 2: Area of Î"ABD: A(4,âˆ'6), B(3,âˆ'2), D(4,0).

= ½ | 4(âˆ'2âˆ'0) + 3(0+6) + 4(âˆ'6+2) |

= ½ | 4(âˆ'2) + 3(6) + 4(âˆ'4) | = ½ | âˆ'8 + 18 âˆ' 16 | = ½ × 6 = 3

Step 3: Area of Î"ACD: A(4,âˆ'6), C(5,2), D(4,0).

= ½ | 4(2âˆ'0) + 5(0+6) + 4(âˆ'6âˆ'2) |

= ½ | 4(2) + 5(6) + 4(âˆ'8) | = ½ | 8 + 30 âˆ' 32 | = ½ × 6 = 3

Step 4: Both triangles have area = 3 sq units. Verified âœ"

Exercise 7.4 (Optional) 8 Questions – Advanced

Q 1Line Division Ratio

Determine the ratio in which the line 2x + y âˆ' 4 = 0 divides the line joining A(2, âˆ'2) and B(3, 7).

Step 1: Let the line divide AB at P in ratio k:1.

P = ((3k+2)/(k+1), (7kâˆ'2)/(k+1))

Step 2: P lies on 2x + y âˆ' 4 = 0. Substitute:

2(3k+2)/(k+1) + (7kâˆ'2)/(k+1) âˆ' 4 = 0

(6k + 4 + 7k âˆ' 2)/(k+1) = 4

(13k + 2)/(k+1) = 4

13k + 2 = 4k + 4 â‡' 9k = 2 â‡' k = 2/9

Answer: The line divides AB in the ratio 2 : 9.

Q 2Collinear Relation

Find a relation between x and y if the points (x, y), (1, 2) and (7, 0) are collinear.

Step 1: Collinear â‡' Area = 0.

½ | x(2âˆ'0) + 1(0âˆ'y) + 7(yâˆ'2) | = 0

| 2x âˆ' y + 7y âˆ' 14 | = 0

| 2x + 6y âˆ' 14 | = 0

2x + 6y = 14

Answer: x + 3y = 7.

Q 3Circle Centre

Find the centre of a circle passing through (6, âˆ'6), (3, âˆ'7) and (3, 3).

Step 1: Let centre O(h, k). OA = OB = OC (radii).

Step 2: OA² = OB²: (hâˆ'6)²+(k+6)² = (hâˆ'3)²+(k+7)². Simplify to: 3h + k = 7 ...(1)

Step 3: OB² = OC²: (hâˆ'3)²+(k+7)² = (hâˆ'3)²+(kâˆ'3)² â‡' (k+7)² = (kâˆ'3)² â‡' 20k = âˆ'40 â‡' k = âˆ'2.

Step 4: From (1): 3h + (âˆ'2) = 7 â‡' 3h = 9 â‡' h = 3.

Answer: Centre is (3, âˆ'2).

Q 4–8Advanced Problems

Q4: Two opposite vertices of a square are (âˆ'1,2) and (3,2). Find other two vertices. â†' Midpoint=(1,2), diagonal=4. Other vertices: (1,4) and (1,0).

Q5: Rectangular plot ABCD with students planting trees. Î"PQR formed by three trees. Find area using triangle area formula.

Q6: Vertices of Î"ABC are A(4,âˆ'6), B(3,âˆ'2), C(5,2). AD is median. Prove ar(ABD) = ar(ACD) using area formula.

Q7: A(4,2), B(6,5), C(1,4) are vertices of Î"ABC. D on x-axis such that ar(ABD)=ar(ABC). Find D. â†' D(3,0).

Q8: ABCD: A(âˆ'1,âˆ'1), B(âˆ'1,4), C(5,4), D(5,âˆ'1). P,Q,R,S are midpoints. Find type of quadrilateral PQRS. â†' Rhombus.

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